Jason Nichols, OD.

BIRMINGHAM, Ala.—Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Optometry have been awarded a $1.9 million grant to study potential molecular markers in patients that could predict structural and functional changes of the eye in dry eye disease, and may lead to a targeted therapy.

“Dry eye is the most frequent eye disease that an eyecare practitioner sees,” Jason Nichols, OD, a professor in the UAB School of Optometry and assistant vice president for industry research development in the UAB Office of the Vice President for Research and Economic Development, said in a statement. “The study will look at the lipid layer of the eye and the biochemical changes that cause dry eye. Once we understand these changes, we will be able to better treat the condition that affects up to 30 percent of the world.”

According to the school’s statement, the study, which is funded by the National Eye Institute, will focus on the impact of one of three layers on the eye, the outer lipid layer, an oil-based layer produced by glands that line the eye, sealing the tear film. The lipid layer helps decrease evaporation of our natural tears and provides a smooth surface needed for optimal vision. The lipid layer is where the problem lies for most people who develop dry eye symptoms, the statement noted.

The research is intended to target and identity the fatty acids that decrease the tear film, and their structural impact on the eye, using custom-built optical systems capable of measuring the very thin tear film, according to the statement. This study will help determine the functional impact of the lipid layer that increases the evaporation of the thinning tear film, causing dry eye.